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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(3): 655-663, May-June, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128611

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the protection for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) infection, afforded by vaccination with a combo inactivated vaccine, which contains bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Five 3-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the combo vaccine and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. Twenty-one days after the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with BVDV-2 SX08 strain by spray into nostril. The unvaccinated animals developed typical clinical signs of high rectal temperature, diarrhoea with erosions and a dramatic drop in leukocyte counts. These signs occured markedly less in all vaccinated animals, the rectal temperature, leukopenia and virarmia of which, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves. It can be concluded that vaccination with the combo inactivated vaccine affords cross-protection against clinical effects of a challenge-infection with BVDV-2 SX08 strain, although it was part protection.(AU)


Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a extensão da proteção contra a infecção pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina tipo 2 (BVDV-2) através da vacinação com uma vacina combinada inativada contendo o vírus da diarréia viral bovina tipo 1 (BVDV-1) e vírus da rinotraqueíte de bovinos infecciosos (IBRV). Cinco bezerros com 3 a 4 meses de idade foram vacinados via intramuscular com uma dose única da vacina combinada e reforçados com a mesma dose três semanas após a primeira vacinação, com cinco bezerros imunizados em simulação servindo como grupo controle. Vinte e um dias após a segunda vacinação, todos os bezerros foram desafiados com a cepa BVDV-2 SX08 por spray na narina. Os animais não vacinados desenvolveram sinais clínicos típicos, como alta temperatura retal, diarréia com erosões e queda drástica na contagem de leucócitos. Estes sinais tiveram ocorrência significativamente menor em todos os animais vacinados, cuja temperatura retal, leucopenia e virarmia eram significativamente menores do que os bezerros simulados. É possível concluir que a vacinação com a vacina combinada inativada proporciona proteção cruzada contra os efeitos clínicos de uma infecção provocada pela cepa BVDV-2 SX08, embora tenha sido parcialmente protegida.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Vaccination , Vaccines, Combined/analysis , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral/immunology , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral/immunology , Cross Protection , Vaccines, Inactivated , Leukocyte Count
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(3): e6079, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839266

ABSTRACT

Several long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) might be correlated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. However, the exact expression pattern of small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) in colorectal cancer and its clinical significance remains unclear. The level of SNHG12 was detected by qRT-PCR in CRC tissues and CRC cells. MTT assay and colony formation assay were performed to examine the cell proliferation of CRC cells transfected with pcDNA-SNHG12 or si-SNHG12. Flow cytometry technology was used to detect cell cycle and cell apoptosis of CRC cells transfected with pcDNA-SNHG12 or si-SNHG12. The protein level of cell cycle progression-related molecules, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4, CDK6), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cell apoptosis-related molecule caspase 3 was detected by western blot. The effect of SNHG12 knockdown was examined in vivo. Increased levels of SNHG12 were observed in CRC tissues and in CRC cells. SNHG12 promoted the cell proliferation of CRC cells. In addition, SNHG12 overexpression boosted the cell cycle progression of SW480 cells transfected with pcDNA-SNHG12 and SNHG12 knockdown inhibited the cell cycle progression of HT29 cells transfected with si-SNHG12. SNHG12 also inhibited the cell apoptosis of CRC cells. We also found that SNHG12 increased the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and suppressed the expression of caspase 3. Our results suggest that SNHG12 promoted cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis in CRC cells, indicating that SNHG12 might be a useful biomarker for colorectal cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology , Blotting, Western , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Up-Regulation
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(10): e6363, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888933

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to test the effects of xuezhikang, a cholestin extract that contains statin-like components, on arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension. One hundred hypertensive patients from the Chinese PLA General Hospital were randomly allocated to receive xuezhikang (1200 mg/day, orally) or placebo (same capsules containing only pharmaceutical excipients). Physical examination outcomes, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) levels, and arterial outcomes, including stiffness parameter (β), pressure-strain elasticity modulus (Ep), arterial compliance (AC), augmentation index (AI), and one-point pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) were obtained at baseline and after 6 months of the intervention. Xuezhikang significantly reduced β (8.4±3.1 vs 6.8±2.1, P=0.007), Ep (122.8±43.9 vs 100.7±33.2, P=0.009), PWVβ (6.7±1.2 vs 6.1±1.0, P=0.013), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.4±0.6 vs 2.9±0.5, P=0.001), hs-CRP [2.1 (0.4-10.0) vs 1.4 (0.3-4.1), P=0.020], and MMP-9 (17.2±2.4 vs 12.7±3.8, P <0.001) compared to baseline. The placebo had no effect on these parameters. The changes of PWVβ in the xuezhikang group was significantly associated with the changes of hs-CRP and MMP-9 (r=0.144, P=0.043; r=0.278, P=0.030, respectively) but not with lipid profile changes. Our research showed xuezhikang can improve the parameters of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients, and its effect was independent of lipid lowering.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Essential Hypertension/drug therapy , Vascular Stiffness/drug effects , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects , Essential Hypertension/blood , Essential Hypertension/physiopathology , Lipids/blood , Pulse Wave Analysis , Vascular Stiffness/physiology
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(11): e5599, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797889

ABSTRACT

We aimed to describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of paraspinal-approach reduction and fixation (PARF) in a group of patients with Denis type B thoracolumbar burst fracture (TLBF) with neurological deficiencies. A total of 62 patients with Denis B TLBF with neurological deficiencies were included in this study between January 2009 and December 2011. Clinical evaluations including the Frankel scale, pain visual analog scale (VAS) and radiological assessment (CT scans for fragment reduction and X-ray for the Cobb angle, adjacent superior and inferior intervertebral disc height, and vertebral canal diameter) were performed preoperatively and at 3 days, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. All patients underwent successful PARF, and were followed-up for at least 2 years. Average surgical time, blood loss and incision length were recorded. The sagittal vertebral canal diameter was significantly enlarged. The canal stenosis index was also improved. Kyphosis was corrected and remained at 8.6±1.4o (P>0.05) 1 year postoperatively. Adjacent disc heights remained constant. Average Frankel grades were significantly improved at the end of follow-up. All 62 patients were neurologically assessed. Pain scores decreased at 6 months postoperatively, compared to before surgery (P<0.05). PARF provided excellent reduction for traumatic segmental kyphosis, and resulted in significant spinal canal clearance, which restored and maintained the vertebral body height of patients with Denis B TLBF with neurological deficits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Paraspinal Muscles/injuries , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Treatment Outcome
5.
S. Afr. med. j. (Online) ; 106(9): 907-911, 2016.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1271130

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:Atypical glandular cells (AGC) identified on Pap tests may be markers for potentially significant pathology. OBJECTIVES:Primarily; to correlate AGC findings at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH; Cape Town; South Africa) with subsequent histological investigations and attempt to identify predictors of pathology relevant to the clinical management of women with a cytological diagnosis of AGC. Secondly; to compare the GSH data with data from similar international studies. METHODS:Records of AGC Pap tests were retrieved from the laboratory database in the anatomical pathology laboratory at GSH and clinically relevant information was summarised based on the available information. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarise the study data; and Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical outcomes; where possible. RESULTS:Of the 237 women with a cytological diagnosis of AGC and who had subsequent histological diagnoses; 120 (50.6%) had significant pathology (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse). Significant cervical pathology was most common in women aged etlt;50 years; while significant endometrial pathology predominated in women aged =50 years. The results of the GSH study were largely consistent with international findings; but the risk of malignancy was six times higher in the GSH population than in a comparable international group.CONCLUSION: AGC identified on Pap tests may be markers for potentially significant pathology. Human papillomavirus DNA testing is recommended for younger women diagnosed with AGC to reduce invasive investigations and minimise expenses in a resource-poor setting


Subject(s)
Cytological Techniques , Epithelial Cells , Histological Techniques
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(3): 254-260, 03/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741257

ABSTRACT

Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK), a novel tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is expressed in various normal human tissues but downregulated in several types of human tumors. The molecular mechanism for this downregulation and its biological significance in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), on the methylation status of the RECK gene and tumor invasion in SACC cell lines. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP), Western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to investigate the methylation status of the RECK gene and expression of RECK mRNA and protein in SACC cell lines. The invasive ability of SACC cells was examined by the Transwell migration assay. Promoter methylation was only found in the ACC-M cell line. Treatment of ACC-M cells with 5-aza-dC partially reversed the hypermethylation status of the RECK gene and significantly enhanced the expression of mRNA and protein, and 5-aza-dC significantly suppressed ACC-M cell invasive ability. Our findings showed that 5-aza-dC inhibited cancer cell invasion through the reversal of RECK gene hypermethylation, which might be a promising chemotherapy approach in SACC treatment.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Depression/epidemiology , Firefighters , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Workload , Age Factors , Disability Evaluation , Follow-Up Studies , Finland/epidemiology , Life Style , Pain Measurement , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workplace
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(9): 759-765, 09/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719322

ABSTRACT

The monoamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a well-known neurotransmitter, also has important functions outside the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of 5-HT in the proliferation, differentiation, and function of osteoblasts in vitro. We treated rat primary calvarial osteoblasts with various concentrations of 5-HT (1 nM to 10 µM) and assessed the rate of osteoblast proliferation, expression levels of osteoblast-specific proteins and genes, and the ability to form mineralized nodules. Next, we detected which 5-HT receptor subtypes were expressed in rat osteoblasts at different stages of osteoblast differentiation. We found that 5-HT could inhibit osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization at low concentrations, but this inhibitory effect was mitigated at relatively high concentrations. Six of the 5-HT receptor subtypes (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C) were found to exist in rat osteoblasts. Of these, 5-HT2A and 5-HT1B receptors had the highest expression levels, at both early and late stages of differentiation. Our results indicated that 5-HT can regulate osteoblast proliferation and function in vitro.


Subject(s)
Animals , Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Serotonin/pharmacology , DNA Primers , Gene Expression , Osteoblasts/cytology , Osteoblasts/metabolism , Primary Cell Culture , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism
8.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; 47(4): 40-43, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-641982

ABSTRACT

El carcinoma de células escamosas de tiroides (CCET) es un tumor infrecuente y agresivo. Su etiología es incierta. Ante la presencia de carcinoma escamoso en la glándula tiroides debe excluirse la posibilidad de infiltración de un tumor originado en una estructura adyacente o de metástasis de otros carcinomas. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía radical. La mayoría de los pacientes fallecen antes del año debido a progresión local de la enfermedad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con una masa tiroidea, con diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma escamoso (con inmunohistoquímca negativa para tiroglobulina, TTF1 y calcitonina y positiva para p63 y citok5). Los estudios clínicos, endoscópicos y radiológicos excluyeron otros sitios de origen de carcinoma escamoso. Fue tratado con quimio y radioterapia, falleciendo por progresión local luego de 9 meses.


Primary squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (PSCTC) is a rare and aggressive tumor of uncertain origin. When squamous carcinoma is diagnosed, it is mandatory to exclude the possibility of primary tumor arising from an adjacent structure or representing metastases from a primary growth elsewhere. Aggressive surgical resection is the treatment of choice. However, the prognosis is poor, with a median survival of less than a year. Death is usually secondary to progression of local disease. We report a case of a patient presenting with a thyroid mass; biopsy was consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. On immunohistochemistry tumor cells were negative for TTF1, thyroglobulin and calcitonin. Cancer cells were positive for p63 and citok5. Extensive workup excluded the possibility of extrathyroid origin. The patient was treated with chemoradiotherapy; he died 9 months later due to local progression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential
9.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(6): 477-484, dic. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-470681

ABSTRACT

Citomegalovirus (CMV) es una infección oportunista frecuente en niños infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH 1) y produce altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia y trascendencia de la enfermedad por CMV en la cohorte de niños chilenos infectados con VIH-1. Se encontró enfermedad por CMV en 28 de 222 niños infectados con VIH-1 (12,6 por cientoo); 92 por cientoo fue clasificado en etapa C y 61 por cientoo en categoría 3 (CDC 1994). La enfermedad pulmonar fue la manifestación más común (25). Las muestras clínicas se obtuvieron de tracto respiratorio, sangre, orina y biopsia. Para la detección de CMV se utilizó, preferentemente, el cultivo acelerado (shell vial), (20/28). Todos fueron tratados con ganciclovir ev. El tiempo promedio de sobrevida fue 42 meses hasta el momento de esta evaluación. Conclusión: La enfermedad por CMV causó morbilidad y mortalidad en los niños chilenos infectados por VIH-1. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces son la base para un resultado exitoso.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a frequent opportunistic infection in human inmunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected children associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and impact of CMV disease in a prospective ly followed cohort of HIV-1 infected Chilean children. CMV disease was diagnosed in 28 out of 222 HIV infected children (12.6 percent); 92 percent of them were classified in category C and 61 percent in category 3 (CDC, 1994). Lung disease was the most common manifestation (25 children). Samples were obtained from the respiratory tract, blood, urine and tissue biopsies. Shell vial for CMV early antigen detection was the most commonly used diagnostic technique (20/ 28). All patients were treated with iv.ganciclovir and two children died during the CMV episode. The mean survival time for the remaining children is currently 42 months. Conclusion: CMV disease was frequent and caused mortality in HIV-1 infected Chilean children. Early diagnosis and treatment are key for clinical success.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , HIV-1 , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Cohort Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(5): 368-371, oct. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-466467

ABSTRACT

La identificación de diversos factores que inciden en el riesgo de la transmisión madre-hijo del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), permitió diseñar estrategias dirigidas a disminuir su transmisión, entre ellas, medidas destinadas a disminuir la carga viral de la madre, disminuir la exposición del niño al VIH durante el parto y eliminar la exposición al mismo a través de la leche materna. Destaca la administración de anti-retrovirales durante el embarazo, parto y en el recién nacido, inicialmente, como protocolo PACTG 076 que utilizaba zidovudina y, posteriormente, el uso de trite-rapia. De esta manera, en las madres incorporadas en protocolos de profilaxis de transmisión vertical (TV) del VIH se logró reducir la transmisión de este virus, inicialmente, a 9,5 por ciento y en la última evaluación, realizada entre 1998 y julio 2005, a 2 por ciento. Sin embargo, han continuado naciendo niños infectados hijos de madres en las que no se conocía su condición serológica, lo que reafirma que la medida fundamental para disminuir los casos de infección por VIH en niños, es la pesquisa universal de la infección en las mujeres embarazadas, de manera que accedan en forma oportuna a protocolos de profilaxis, lo que se espera lograr con la nueva norma de prevención de TV del VIH, promulgada en agosto de 2005, por la Comisión Nacional del SIDA del Ministerio de Salud.


The identification of various risk factors of vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission resulted in the development of strategies whose aim was to decrease the mother's viral load, to reduce her child's exposure to it during delivery, and to avoid the subsequent viral exposure due to breastfeeding. The administration of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy, delivery and to the neonate (PACTG 076) proved to be useful. At a first stage, zidovudine was used. A triple combination therapy was then administered. Initially, the viral transmission in mothers who were enrolled in protocols for vertically transmitted HIV prophylaxis was reduced to 9.5 percent, whereas the last measurement carried out between 1998 and 2005, the initial figure was brought down to 2 percent. Nevertheless, the delivery of infected children whose mother's HIV status was unknown is still considered likely to happen. The main step to be taken to reduce HIV infection among children is to perform universal HIV tests during pregnancy, so that HIV positive pregnant patients conveniently receive proper prophylaxis. We look forward to achieving this by following the new prevention guidelines of vertically-transmitted HIV infection, developed by the Comisión Nacional del SIDA of the Chilean Health Ministry.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Clinical Protocols , Chile/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/therapy , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology
11.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(4): 276-283, ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-459591

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the increasing trends and changing patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children ocurring since 1982-83 when the first cases were reported worldwide and from 1987-89 when the first cases were detected in Chile. Advances and obstacles dealing with pediatric HIV in Chile are discussed. The most relevant advance is the outstanding reduction in vertical transmission of HIV associated with the implementation of preventive strategies. Risk of vertical transmission has decreased from 35 percento in absence of preventive strategies to 2 percento with prevention that include maternal and newborn antiretroviral therapy, elective caesarean section and replacement of breast feeding by artificial milk. The main obstacle to further reduce cases has been the delay in implementation of universal screening for pregnant women. This delay has resulted in that currently, the great majority of pediatric HIV cases are detected among symptomatic children. We propose a guideline to detect and appropriately derive pregnant women infected with HIV and children exposed or infected with the virus in order to further reduce the number of children with AIDS in Chile.


Se describe el aumento y evolución que ha tenido, globalmente y en Chile, la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en niños, desde los primeros casos detectados en 1982-83 en el mundo y en 1987-89 en Chile; también se describen los progresos y obstáculos que ha presentado el combate de esta entidad patológica en Chile. Entre los progresos destaca la disminución de la transmisión vertical del VIH con la aplicación de medidas para prevenirla, desde 35 por ciento en aquellos binomios madre-hijo en que no se adoptaron medidas preventivas, a 2 por ciento en aquellos que sí las recibieron (terapia antiretroviral, cesárea electiva, alimentación artificial al neonato y otras); entre los obstáculos, el principal ha sido el retraso en normar el ofrecimiento de el tamizaje para la infección por VIH a toda mujer embarazada. Por esta última razón, la mayoría de los niños infectados con VIH aún se siguen detectando en Chile en la vida postnatal, sobre la base de sus manifestaciones clínicas. Como una manera de ayudar a la prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH y a la detección temprana de los niños infectados, se presenta un flujograma de pesquisa y derivación de las mujeres embarazadas infectadas y de los niños expuestos durante la gestación e infectados con el VTH.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy
12.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 74(4): 355-365, jul. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-362865

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la historia y resaltar la epidemiología, etiología, presentación clínica y manejo del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS). El SARS es una enfermedad infecciosa aguda transmisible producida por un agente totalmente nuevo para el ser humano, un coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Iniciada en China, se ha diseminado en pocas semanas a varios otros países del mundo con miles de casos y cientos de muertes, con una letalidad global de casi el 10 por ciento. Por ello, la OMS ha declarado a esta enfermedad como de notificación inmediata a dicho organismo y ha instaurado una serie de medidas para contener/evitar su diseminación global y a nivel hospitalario y extra-hospitalario. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad inicialmente es epidemiológico y clínico: aparición dentro de 10 días del antecedente epidemiológico (contacto estrecho con una persona sospechosa o con probable SARS) de un cuadro con una fase febril inicial, semejante a un cuadro gripal, y una fase respiratoria posterior, que puede llevar a insuficiencia respiratoria severa; en esta fase destaca lo pobre del exámen físico pulmonar en contraste con la gran cantidad de imágenes radiológicas; otros hallazgos son leucopenia con linfopenia y disminución de plaquetas; aumento de dehidrogenasa láctica, creatinfosfoquinasa y alanino-aminotrasferasa, y algunas alteraciones de la coagulación. El diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV puede ser confirmado con RT-PCR y detección de anticuerpos. El manejo, empírico, ha contemplado antivirales (oseltamivir, rivabirina) y corticoides, con respuestas variables. Comentarios: el SARS ha sido una enfermedad severa, pero que ha dejado muchas enseñanazas, y también pérdidas, a nivel mundial.


Subject(s)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
13.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 20(3): 202-209, 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-365889

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una patología benigna y autolimitada transmitida por el rasguño o mordedura de un gato portador de Bartonella henselae, que se manifiesta como linfoadenopatía cercana al sitio de inoculación y que afecta, en 80 por ciento de los casos, a sujetos bajo 21 años de edad. Menos de 25 por ciento de los pacientes desarrollará la forma atípica de la enfermedad, con compromiso de órganos como hígado, bazo, sistema nervioso central y retina. La osteomielitis ha sido descrita en series antiguas como de escasa ocurrencia, aunque publicaciones recientes sugieren una incidencia mayor. El esqueleto axial es el más frecuentemente comprometido, principalmente pelvis y columna dorsolumbar, pudiendo ser las lesiones esqueléticas únicas o múltiples; éstas no siempre son dolorosas y pueden aparecer hasta semanas o meses después del inicio de los síntomas. Se presenta los casos clínicos de dos niñas con compromiso esquelético, serología positiva para B. henselae y recuperación completa posterior. Una de ellas (edad 12 años) presentó fiebre y dolor abdominal severo, demostrándose lesión hipodensa hepática y osteomielitis multifocal en la columna y pelvis. La otra (edad 10 años) sólo cursó con adenopatía submandibular, sin fiebre ni compromiso general, y una lesión indolora en la cresta ilíaca, visible al cintigrama óseo (CO). Un CO con lesiones axiales uni o multifocales en un paciente febril sin etiología clara, debe hacer sospechar EAG atípica entre las posibles causas. El CO es indispensable si se quiere descartar un compromiso óseo asociada a EAG, especialmente en pacientes sintomáticos con radiografías normales e incluso, aquellos sin dolor óseo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Bartonella henselae/pathogenicity , Cat-Scratch Disease , Bone Diseases, Infectious , Bone Diseases, Infectious/etiology , Osteomyelitis
14.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1997 Jun; 28(2): 268-73
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-36005

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to explore if there exists a correlation between predominant isotype-defined antibody levels and reinfection in low age groups of the population in an endemic area of schistosomiasis japonica in China. One hundred and thirty-eight individuals aged 3-25 years old were selected for serological investigations including the levels of IgG, IgG4, IgM and IgE, detected by ELISA with soluble egg antigen and soluble adult worm antigen. Results show that age is a determinant for SEA-specific IgG, IgG4, and IgE, and SWA-specific IgG and IgG4 antibody levels, which increased with age, and that SEA- and SWA- specific IgG4 antibody levels are risk factors of reinfection, ie, the risk of reinfection occurrence of the population with high level of SEA or SWA-specific IgG4 is 2.83 or 2.40 times, respectively, that with low level of SEA or SWA-specific IgG4, suggesting that in the endemic area of schistosomiasis japonica, there exists a possibility that in the population aged 3-25 years, SEA and SWA-specific IgG4 antibodies mediate a blocking immunity response.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Disease Susceptibility , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Logistic Models , Male , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Schistosomiasis japonica/epidemiology , Sex Distribution
15.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 62(1): 44-7, ene.-feb. 1991.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-104706

ABSTRACT

Se presentan 5 casos de probable infección herpética intrauterina; en 4 de ellos se comprobó clínicamente la presencia de herpes neonatal, observándose un caso localizado a piel, dos casos de herpes diseminado y un herpes neonatal con compromiso del sistema nervioso central. En los cuatro casos enfermos se descartó la posibilidad de infección postnatal o durante el parto, puesto que presentaron signos o síntomas de la enfermedad antes de transcurrir 24 horas de vida. En ellos se plantea la posibilidad de infección transcervical o transplacentaria. Todos los recién nacidos fueron tratados con aciclovir endovenoso por 10 días, evolucionando bien 3 de ellos; los otros 2 fallecen; uno a los 9 días y el otro a los 2 meses de vida por encefalitis y secuelas neurológicas severas, respectivamente


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Herpesviridae Infections/congenital , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/drug therapy
16.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 61(4): 177-84, jul.-ago. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-90076

ABSTRACT

Se presentan dieciseis casos de niños que fallecieron por infección severa por Ad comprobada por estudios virológicos (n : 15) y, o, anatomopatológicos (n : 12). Se analizaron las características clínicas, de laboratorio, radiológicas y anatomopatológicas. Destaca una evolución clínica severa, con manifestaciones multisistémicas, pero de predominio respiratorio, falleciendo todos los pacientes a causa de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. Los resultados del hemograma y VHS no fueron de ayuda para orientar hacia etiología viral o bacteriana de la afección. Las radiografías de tórax revelaron hiperinsuflación e imágenes de neumonitis y condensación, de rápida progresión. En el estudio anatomopatológico de diez casos se encontró bronquitis, bronquiolitis y neumonía necrosante con células con inclusiones intranucleares características; en el de otros dos sólo neumonitis. En todos los pacientes se encontró esteatosis hepática y disminución linfocitaria a nivel del timo, bazo y ganglios linfáticos. Se subraya la importancia de disponer de métodos de diagnóstico rápido con el fin de evitar infecciones nosocomiales con este tipo de virus y, con ello, sus graves consecuencias


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Female , Adenoviridae Infections/complications , Lung/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality
17.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 61(4): 185-8, jul.-ago. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-90077

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 31 lactantes ingresados entre mayo y agosto de 1988 a una sala índice del Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago de Chile, con diagnóstico de IRA baja, con el propósito de conocer la incidencia de la infección nosocomial respiratoria en la primera semana de hospitalización. En cada niño se realizó estudio virológico y bacteriológico seriado. En 13 de los 31 pacientes se detectó uno o más agentes virales nuevos en la segunda muestra (18 nuevos aislamientos en total), los que podrían haber sido adquiridos durante la hospitalización; los segundos virus fueron: Ad (n = 8), VRS (n = 5) y CMV (n = 5). No se detectaron cambios significativos de la flora bacteriana en el período estudiado


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Cross Infection/etiology , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Incidence , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respirovirus/isolation & purification
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 61(1): 41-4, ene.-feb. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-82654

ABSTRACT

Un lactante de 7 meses de edad fue admitido por primera vez debido a bronconeumonia severa con manifestaciones extrapulmonares (diarrea, exantema, hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia y convulsiones) y aislamiento positivo para adenovirus (ADV) en las secreciones nasofaríngeas, sin evidencia de otra etiología para sus síntomas. Posteriormente a su alta, evolución con signos de enfermedad bronquial obstructiva crónica, que causaron tres reingresos al hospital en los dos años siguientes, acompañada de evidencia radiográfica de pulmón hiperlúcido unilateral (PHU) derecho. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por cintigrafía de ventilación y perfusión


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Adenoviridae Infections/etiology , Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity , Bronchopneumonia , Lung , Lung , Respiratory Tract Infections
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 59(6): 353-7, nov.-dic. 1988. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-61695

ABSTRACT

Se determinó la participación viral en 344 lactantes con IRA bajas desde 1983 a 1985 utilizando técnicas de aislamiento, detección de antígeno y serología viral. Se confirmó una positividad viral global en 59,6% de los casos (n=205), siendo los principales virus detectados: virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS: n=134; 65,4%), adenovirus Ad; n=41; 20%) y parainfluenza (PI: n=25; 12,7%). En un 16,6% (n=34) de las IRA estudiadas se confirmaron 2 o más virus. El VRS predominó en todos los grupos, especialmente en los menores de 6 meses. Los PI aumentaron con la edad y los Ad mostraron un incremento menos notorio. El VRS fué el único agente en enfermedad bronquial obstructiva y predominó en todos los diagnósticos. Los Ad y PI se encontraron en todos los cuadros, sin predominio determinado. Se detectaron también virus influenza y citamegalovirus, este último sin un claro papel patógeno. La inmunofluorescencia sería la técnica de elección para VRS en nuestro medio y el aislamiento para los Ad. Se confirma la importancia de los virus estudiados como agentes causales de IRA y se destaca la necesidad de completar los estudios etiológicos con técnicas para otros patógenos no virales


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification
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